The Importance of the Central Limit Theorem

The Importance of the Central Limit Theorem As far as possible hypothesis is an outcome from likelihood hypothesis. This hypothesis appears in various places in the field of insights. In spite of the fact that as far as possible hypothesis can appear to be conceptual and without any application, this hypothesis is entirely imperative to the act of measurements. So what precisely is the significance of as far as possible hypothesis? Everything has to do with the conveyance of our populace. This hypothesis permits you to rearrange issues in measurements by permitting you to work with a dissemination that is around typical. Explanation of the Theorem The announcement of as far as possible hypothesis can appear to be very specialized however can be comprehended on the off chance that we thoroughly consider the accompanying advances. We start with a straightforward arbitrary example with n people from a populace of intrigue. From this example, we can without much of a stretch structure an example imply that compares to the mean of what estimation we are interested about in our populace. A testing dispersion for the example mean is delivered by over and over choosing straightforward irregular examples from a similar populace and of a similar size, and afterward processing the example mean for every one of these examples. These examples are to be thought of as being autonomous of each other. As far as possible hypothesis concerns the inspecting appropriation of the example implies. We may get some information about the general state of the examining dissemination. As far as possible hypothesis says that this testing appropriation is around ordinary regularly known as a chime bend. This estimate improves as we increment the size of the basic irregular examples that are utilized to deliver the testing dissemination. There is an astonishing component concerning as far as possible hypothesis. The surprising actuality is that this hypothesis says that a typical appropriation emerges paying little mind to the underlying circulation. Regardless of whether our populace has a slanted dispersion, which happens when we look at things, for example, earnings or people’s loads, an inspecting conveyance for an example with an adequately enormous example size will be typical. Focal Limit Theorem in Practice The surprising appearance of a typical conveyance from a populace dissemination that is slanted (even vigorously slanted) has some significant applications in measurable practice. Numerous practices in insights, for example, those including theory testing or certainty stretches, make a few suppositions concerning the populace that the information was gotten from. One suspicion that is at first made in an insights course is that the populaces that we work with are typically circulated. The suspicion that information is from an ordinary dissemination streamlines mattersâ but appears to be somewhat ridiculous. Only a little work with some true information shows that anomalies, ​skewness, various pinnacles and asymmetry show up routinely. We can get around the issue of information from a populace that isn't ordinary. The utilization of a fitting example size and as far as possible hypothesis help us to get around the issue of information from populaces that are not ordinary. In this manner, despite the fact that we probably won't have a clue about the state of the conveyance where our information originates from, as far as possible hypothesis says that we can regard the inspecting circulation as though it were typical. Obviously, all together for the finishes of the hypothesis to hold, we do require an example size that is sufficiently enormous. Exploratory information examination can assist us with determining how huge of an example is essential for a given circumstance.

Drawing on current academic theory and debate, critically evaluate the Essay

Drawing on current scholastic hypothesis and discussion, fundamentally assess the commitment of the Human Resource Management capacity to the administration of representative prize practices - Essay Example All through the entire XX century and much prior the two experts and researchers endeavored to structure the hypotheses clarifying human conduct at work and the approaches to raise its viability. A decent knowledge into the estimation of HR related projects is given by Schuler (1990: 52-54). He underscores that the HR work had a chance to move from being a â€Å"employee advocate† (related with staff the board) to a â€Å"member of the administration team†. Schuler’s (1990) see was this necessary HR experts to be worried about the benefits, hierarchical adequacy and business endurance. As it were, human asset issues ought to be tended to as business issues. Story (2001: 18-34) accepts that development of HRM contributed enormously to an ever-most prominent since mechanical upheaval move in the standards of the board. HRM supported the two supervisors and workers to dispose of customary examples of connection, obsolete thoughts of inspiration, generalizations, evaluation and examination. Directors stopped to be insignificant coaches and killers and went to be the individuals from business groups. Presentation of HRM standard has made current organizations increasingly serious, dynamic and human neighborly that thus affected their productivity and attractiveness. Along these lines, many accept that HRM caused what was later called â€Å"a new managerialism† †another look on association, the manners in which it works and succeeds and the manner in which its representatives work (Story, 2001, p. 18). Simultaneously, HRM isn't only a lot of standards; it is somewhat an authoritative science that assists with actualizing company’s general technique in a best manner. In this manner, as indicated by the most traditional definitions HRM is characterized as a â€Å"system that is custom fitted to the requests of the business strategy† (Miles and Snow, 1984, p. 36-37); or â€Å"the example of arranged exercises planned to empower an association to accomplish its goals† (Wright and McMahan, 1992, pp. 343-345).

Curbing Hunger at MIT

Curbing Hunger at MIT Being a college student in a dorm means finally having to decide how and what you want to eat for the next 4+ years. For some, it’s as simple as picking which dining hall you want to go to. For others, it’s a confusing mess of “Where do I start? How do I start? When will I have time to start?” I’ve been through it. It doesn’t have to be a hair pulling mess, because in the end, food is great. I like food, you like food. So let’s get this show on the road.* A Couple of Doors Down  (cooking is fun, too) Taking charge in the kitchen isn’t quite as hard as it looks. While it may be easy to fall back on the sweet embrace of instant ramen, easy mac, and frozen dinners, cooking is the kind of skill you’ll be glad you learned in college. After that, in twenty years, it’ll be hard to explain to your doctor why you solely eat food that comes from a box. Plus, when you’re not on a meal plan, it becomes your cheapest option. So now, you’re probably thinking, “Cooking? I’ve never cooked a day in my life! I could burn the kitchen down pouring a bowl of cereal if I tried!” or something along those lines. Trust me, I’ve heard it all. But never fear, no one is a lost cause when hunger hits. So now, you ask, “what’s your secret, Sabrina?” I’m here to tell you my secret; it’s cooking videos. First, let’s start with some classics. The Food Network, or more importantly, Netflix, has a huge variety of cooking shows that are informational and entertaining. Some of my personal favorites are Cutthroat Kitchen, MasterChef, and Chopped. The overall formula for most of these shows is simple: you take some n number of chefs, some n-1 number of rounds, and a specific thing to cook or cook with, plus or minus some unique spins. While you may not be following a recipe by the book while a chef scrambles to finish it on the screen, you can definitely pick up a bunch of cooking skills from watching. For example, do you know how to make a roux? Or properly dice an onion? Or what flavor profile works well with pineapples? I definitely do, and it’s thanks to shows like this. Plus, they’re funny! On Saturday mornings last year, I’d sit down and marathon episodes of Cutthroat Kitchen with some of my hall mates, and we’d laugh about cooking blunders and comment on weird food combinations. Overall, fun times all around. Here’s a pretty cute clip of some Child-Chef-Prodigies testing their whipped creams successfully and not so successfully: Okay, so maybe you don’t have time to watch hour-long episodes of cooking. That’s totally fine, and you’re in luck! In the past year or so, short cooking videos have made a huge rise on social media. If you follow the right pages on Facebook (given that you check Facebook semi regularly), you can get at least 1-3 short cooking videos a day. You can watch them on the way to class when you’re walking from Building 16 to Building 1, or before class when you get there three minutes early, or when you’re brushing your teeth. When life hands you 30 second cooking videos, you take advantage whenever you can. These recipes are normally quick to make, and don’t require too many ingredients you wouldn’t already have. Here’s one recipe I tested with a friend and confirmed delicious: We tried the Avocado Lime Salmon, and it only took ~30 minutes, I got to socialize with other people in the kitchen, and it tasted like I had just paid 15 bucks for it. Besides the notorious Tasty, there’s also Tastemade (and its regional varieties), Twisted, and TipHero. Right Around the Corner  (dining halls are non exclusive all inclusive) If you’re one of the 50%+ of people who are on a meal plan at MIT, then this one is pretty much a given. You’ve probably got your routine by now, which dining halls are best and which are bust. But for those of you not on the meal plan, all hope is not lost. I was on the meal plan for about two weeks, which was enough to give me a vague idea of how it worked.  For one, yes, you can still eat at them even when you’re not on the meal plan! Any student can go into any dining hall (given that it’s open) and pay with TechCash or regular cash, $8 for breakfast, $11 for lunch, and $14 for dinner. I found myself going to the dining halls semi frequently my first year at MIT, partly because I’d only have hour breaks between class, and partly because I wanted to hang out with my friends who were on the meal plan. Overall, it is a pretty solid option for food and socializing. Up Your Alley  (free food gold mine) Legends speak of it in hushed whispers and hurried footsteps throughout halls and courtyards. It is a sport only known to those willing to put in work for it. It is the one and only, free food mailing list. This mailing list (f[emailprotected]), which anyone with a Kerberos can add themselves to, is where people will email out to when they have an event, and there’s leftover food that they just don’t want. This “food” can range from four boxes of pizza, to a tray of Chicken Tikka, to bottles of soda, to a bag of charcoal (yes, it has happened). Playing the free food game is really chancy. First of all, there are definitely fruitful periods (the immediate weeks after REX, the week of Career Fair, etc…) and dry periods (IAP, mid-semester, etc…). Second of all, there are some physical limitations to how fast a person can travel. Let’s phrase this like a PSET and try it out: If Sabrina is in Building 66, and she receives an email at 2:34pm that was sent at 2:31pm that says there are two free boxes of Dunkin Donuts in Lobby 7, will she get any donuts? Keep in mind, foot traffic in Lobby 7 is at a moderately low F(x) in MIT Students, but at a constant rate C for tourists. Also, keep in mind, Sabrina can walk the distance of the Infinite Corridor in 7 minutes, and there are ~50 other people within the Infinite who have just received the same email, 3 minutes ago. The answer’s pretty obvious here, right? No, Sabrina will definitely not make it in time to grab a donut. But, free food can sometimes be a gold mine. You can actually just get really lucky and be really close to free food. Or, you can learn to play the game right. There are usually free food “hotspots” where there are a lot of events with a lot of food: Lobby 10, the Stud, Kresge, Stata, and Sloan. I generally rule the first three out because they’re too far when I’m at Senior Haus, and unattainable when I’m in class. There are even some times where you don’t have to work for free food. If you live in a dorm like Senior Haus or East Campus, occasionally friendly floormates or hausmates will triumphantly come back from their free food conquests and share with the people of their living group. In the Haus, food gets brought to our lovely front desk, where emails are promptly sent out and the madness begins. Overall, great (albeit, cold) options with minimal effort, except a bit of running. On the Way to Class  (more than just dining halls) There are also a myriad of options for retail dining on MIT’s campus, for when you just don’t have time to cook, or can’t be bothered. There’s all the restaurants in the Student Center: LaVerde’s, Subway, Shinkansen Japan, Anna’s Taqueria, Café Spice, Shawarma Shack, Dunkin Donuts, and that one grill spot by the Dunkin. There’s the Steam Café on the fourth floor of Building 7, Café 4 in the Infinite, Forbes Café in Stata, and the Koch Café in the Koch Building. Because most of them are located near prime PSetting spots, they make quick, tasty grabs that you can eat while crunched for time and rushing to finish. To summarize all the places and their perks: Verde’s has the advantage of being open 24/7, which definitely comes handy at 4am Subway has the cheapest standard meals, and fully customizable Shinkansen Japan, or Bullet Train, has great teriyaki that can satisfy any craving Anna’s can always be smelled when walking outside of the Stud, which is incredibly tempting and crave-inducing Café Spice is decent Indian food for not-as-pricy-as-real-Indian-food prices Shawarma Shack is probably the healthiest restaurant in the Stud Dunkin Donuts has donuts and killer hot chocolate The grill spot has burgers made ready Steam Café is only open lunch hours (11am-3pm) but is great for anyone around Lobby 7, and it has the most beautiful view Café 4 is pretty much always on the way to class Forbes Café is in Stata, which is the closest to anyone who lives in East Campus Koch Café is similar to Stata, food wise, but you get to be around a lot of fancier people All these options take TechCash, which is great if you forget your wallet while hurrying to class. My studio (4.022 â€" Architecture Design Foundations) met on the fourth floor of building 7, which is conveniently right next to the Steam Café, so I found myself frequenting that one most often before my 3-hour studios. Their soups are pretty top notch. And, like I mentioned before, Steam Café has the one of my favorite views on all of campus. Just a Block Away  (the kendall square meal plan) After about a month at MIT, you’ll probably get sick of cycling through the same 6 or so food spots, and then you might think, “Oh no! Am I resigned to a semester of food misery?” or, “Oh no! I want to start eating healthy, and I can’t do that with a diet that’s 90% fried chicken!” Either way, there is a solution. As it turns out, we live around some great areas for convenient (and sometimes healthy!) food. Kendall Square is, well, just a block away. Metaphorically speaking if you happen to live on Dorm Row, and literally if you live on the East Side. Besides the illustrious T-Stop, there are tons of fast casual restaurants for quick dine ‘n dashes (the legal form, of course). There are classics and food trucks and Boston Originals alike; Chipotle, Cosi, Clover, Jose’s, Panda Express, Einstein Bros… I could go on forever. I’ll break them down into a comprehensive list based on cravings. Craving something customizable? Chipotle, fully customizable pseudo Mexican food, with good vegetarian options Panda Express, fast casual American-Chinese Einstein Bros Bagels, tons of bagels, tons of variety Jose’s, Mexican food truck, delicious amounts of options Craving something sorta healthy? Cosi, sandwich-soup-pizza-bowl shop, has options like “wild rice bowls” on their menu Clover, completely vegetarian, homemade sodas and seasonal options Bailey Sage, specializes in quinoa bowls, a little pricey Craving a lot of food? Au Bon Pain, tons of bread and bread related products, like sandwiches Momogoose, Asian food truck with daily curries that are to die for Note: This definitely isn’t every single restaurant in Kendall Square, but rather the ones I’ve personally tried. Making My Way Downtown  (down the aisle marked essentials) For a college student, supermarkets are like Toys R Us to 7 year olds. All the responsibility of being able to finally put that cake in the shopping cart, without your mom immediately taking it out. Because being an adult means being able to eat nothing but cake all day, and no one can tell you no. You definitely shouldn’t do that, but you could. Now, I could compile a list of the nearest supermarkets and what’s good for what and where what is, but someone has already done that! So, you’ve read through that, but now what? Besides those things you just can’t not buy, like frozen Orange Chicken, there are some things that I would call “essentials” for surviving and thriving. Bread, cheese, cold cuts, and some kind of condiment, for making sandwiches. when you’ve only got 15 minutes before your five hour long block of class, you’ll thank me later Individual yogurt, super yummy and easy to eat on the go Frozen fruits, great to snack on and make smoothies with Dried fruits and nuts, nut-ing says a good meal like this Cereal, the easiest classic breakfast Eggs, you can hard boil them ahead of time and then have an egg-celent breakfast Breakfast bars, the only thing my poor stomach can take within an hour of waking up Chips and dip, you can take the Mexican Route and go for salsa and tortilla, or the Mediterranean route and go for pita and hummus Everything the Light Touches is Our Kingdom  (aka, boston is a big city with loads of options) Fear not, it isn’t the end of our food journey yet. There is a whole new world outside of MIT where the food possibilities are endless. And much like x-squared, the limit doesn’t exist. Boston, Central Square, Harvard Square, Porter Square, Davis Square… you get the point. If you’re feeling up for some fancy food plans, there are restaurants on every corner, in every regional variety, in all sizes and shapes. I could name all of my favorites, but I also think the fun of this one is just going out and stumbling across a place that strikes your eye. Also, there are just way too many. So go out there! There’s a whole world of food to explore. Good luck, and happy fooding everyone! *thanks to Dominik M. 19 for coming up with this silly, youtube esque opening line

The Great Literary Works I Am Never Alone - 1844 Words

All great literature has at least four things in common; they talk to you, they never shy away from making you uncomfortable, and they provide ingenious, if not absurd perspectives on the usually simple, mundane lives of the characters. All this, and they have universal appeal across time and culture. First, all great literary works have the ability to make me feel as if I am never alone. It’s never as though I’m reading about the characters, but the author’s writing style has the ability to affect me personally, as if I am also experiencing the events happening in the novel. Some authors typically tend to exclude gut-wrenching emotions for fear that their readers won’t enjoy their novels. But, in great works, the author has no problem letting me experience the raw emotion they wish to portray, but at the same time, I love reading every bit of it. And finally, great literature has the power to write about ordinary lives that have a basic but profound natur e to them. In these works, nearly every event is significant and can provide an astounding point of view and change in perspective. My definition of great literature the effectiveness of a balance of all the above listed qualities. I believe, from the perspective of someone who has had their fair share of reading books, there is a difference between great literary works and ‘trashy’ novels that become fads. But, maybe from the perspective of someone who hasn’t read a whole lot of books in their lifetime, there might not beShow MoreRelatedThe Postcolonial Writers May Not Achieve International Success1357 Words   |  6 Pagesrural realities as well as a broad narrative of the importance of the unprivileged or the people living on the extreme. While Mahasweta originally written in her native Bengali language, most of her works are translated into English and regional Indian languages. 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Improving The Supply Chain Performance Of Blood Services - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2625 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Blood Banking services is one of the most important operations worldwide. The blood banking service provides the resources for transfusion needed in every medical intervention, whether in peacetime or during war. This paper observes the process of blood banking supply chain, starting with the upstream suppliers of raw material (blood) and down to the downstream consumers of products (hospitals). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Improving The Supply Chain Performance Of Blood Services" essay for you Create order In the first part of this paper we present an overview of the supply chain of blood banking, and review the relevant research and literature regarding supply chain management of blood banking. In the second part, we select two areas of the supply chain and select key performance indicators (KPIs) that observe the quality of the supply chain of blood banking, from an aspect of service quality and cost control. We set the current levels of these KPIs with relevant information if it is readily available or by extrapolation from historical data where the current levels are unavailable. In the third part, we propose changes to the supply chain to improve the areas of review. These improvements will be indicated by changes in the selected KPIs. Analysis of supply chain performance Corporate Overview Canadian Blood Services (CBS) is the national non-profit organization created to manage the blood supply throughout Canada outside Quebec. Canadian Blood Services operates 41 permanent collection sites and more than 20,000 donor clinics annually (Canadian Blood Services, 2009; British Columbia Ministry of Health Services, 2002). The main products of CBS are Red Blood Cells, Plasma protein products, Platelets and Plasma for transfusion. In 2008 CBS collected 915,858 units of whole blood from 425,000 donors. CBS services provides blood supply services for a population approximately 26,201,377 (Statistics Canada, 2010). Blood Banking Process Overview of CBS The overall process of blood supply is the following: a given geographic region is serviced by a regional blood center (RBC) and smaller community blood centers (CBCs). These are responsible for providing blood products to hospitals. To achieve this, the Blood Centers must plan donor collection at planned locations. Donors are invited to donate blood to donor clinics. To reach a wider donor population, mobile collection units (specialized vehicles) are sent to sites where there are no fixed donor clinics (Pierskalla, 2004.). Depending on the requirements for blood products, the whole blood are collected into appropriate bags are used when drawing blood. The collected whole blood is sent to a CBC or RBC for processing. There, it is tested for viruses and diseases, and final components are prepared from the whole blood. The components are placed into inventory for shipments to hospitals based on their blood product requirements. CBS operates only 41 permanent collection sites/RBC. The supply of blood products is then distributed to hospital blood centers, without community blood centers. The blood products are highly perishable, with shelf life from 5 to 35 days. If a particular component exceeds its maximum shelf life, it must be destroyed. This process is presented on the following figure. Current target of meeting demand is 95% of hospital demand nine months out of twelve. Literature review (Keal and Hebert, 2010) conclude that blood banks must reorganize their mindset and adopt KPIs on a daily basis. Naturally, financial, operations and executive levels may be interested in a different set of indicators. Blood banks need to perform analysis with a much greater frequency then currently performed to become more elastic to demand and changing environment. As a first step, a blood bank needs to identify which issues it needs to address when implementing KPIs. (Jennings, 1973)- Cooperation between is successful in outdate and shortage management is a good choice. Common inventory policy between blood centers reduce the numnber of outdates and shortages by 72% in a 20 blood center cluster, and by 64% for a 5 blood center cluster. Simple threshold transfer policy reduce the numnber of outdates and shortages by 61% in a 20 blood center cluster, and by 54% for a 5 blood center cluster. This operates on a Outdate / Shortage ratio of 1.0 (equal number of shortages and outda tes). Simple treshold transfer is much more efficient in transport logistics and costs, as well as information support systems. (Prastacos, 1984) Blood collection is through organized collections, invited donors and walk in donors. No donor should be returned. This variance in collection environemnt dictates very careful selection of Optimal component processing policies to achieve optimal supply of proposed products. Donors react positively to positive reinforcement (rewards, altruism, health checks). The positive reinforcement is a key conclusion of the research of (Oswalt, 1977). (Hemmelmayr et al., 2009)- Discusses that a Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) control for blood products can be extremely efficient, including scenarios of multiple products. (Jones, 2003) Changes to regulation and public events can cause a significant dip in donations and cause blood product shortages. These can be localized, and impact the different regions differently, thus testing the elastic ity of the system. Donors react positively to positive reinforcement (rewards, altruism, health checks).The blood donor pool needs to be further researched, since significant number of potential donors are untapped. (Katsaliaki and Brailsford, 2007) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" performs a computer simulation model of the blood banking environment end-to-end and concludes that there are room for changes that will improve the overall system state. These changes include changes in stock planning, management of inventory Key Performance Indicators, KPI ´s, are indicators showing what needs to be done in an internal operative perspective. These KPI ´s focus on the parts of an organisations performance that are the most critical to success, both for present time and future. A good KPI affects a number of critical success factors. It also affects other KPI ´s in a positive manner. Parmenter (2007, page 3) Due to Neely et al (2000), each company has to map their way to s uccess through identifying a number of key factors in the process When implementing KPIs, it is of utmost importance that goal measures for every KPI are defined. Shahin and Mahbod (2007) claim that SMART goal setting is a commonly used set of criteria of how to set goals. SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Sensitive. The service level is the ability for the company to secure delivery to its customers. When calculating the safety stock the service level is used. (Mattsson, 2004, page 160) decrease the holding stock to 4 days, the introduction of two routine deliveries in working hours to better manage orders from the NBS and grouped transport to hospitals, a more insensitive ad-hoc ordering point for RBCs to 35% of the optimal stock level, the reduction of the total crossmatch release period (before and after transfusion) to 1 day, the increase of the transfusion to crossmatch ratio to 70%, either through stricter compliance with the recom mended ordering system leading to more accurate orders placed by doctors, or by applyingm ultiple-crossmatchingte chniques, strict adherence of the hospital blood bank when cross-matching units to a FIFO order for units coming from the Centre and LIFO for the unused, returned units from the other wards. In other words, compliance with a FIFO order accordingt o the collection/productiond ate of the unit Analysis of Key Performance Indicators of Procurement The main challenge in the procurement process for blood banks is the supply of the source of all blood products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" donors who can vary since donors are volunteers. The supply is further impacted by the list of viruses and diseases that the donations need to be screened for before the products can be used for transfusions (Pierskalla, 2004.). All collected whole blood and blood products are stored in special containers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" bags that differ depending on the product they contain. A defective batch of containers delivered from the manufacturer will cause a recall and destruction of an entire batch of collected WBC or entire batches of products. The CBS procurement KPIs that will be investigated are: Percent of RBC shipped vs whole blood collected à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" This KPI will measure the ratio of of red blood cells shipped to the whole blood collected. From the collected blood, there can be discards due to a variety of reasons (quality control, t est results, post-donation information, equipment problems, process non-conformances). This ratio indicates the quality of blood collection and processing. CBS has an average of 79% ratio of this KPI over a 3 year period (Canadian Blood Services, 2009). Number of Blood product recalls per 10,000 collections à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" This KPI measures the number of blood product recalls once they have been distributed to the hospitals that need to be recalled due to errors, accidents and post-donation information, for every 10,000 blood collections. This ratio is important to since it influences the overall customer satisfaction, and causes costs for the reverse logistics. CBS had the worst recall ratio in 2008, with significant decrease in 2009 (Canadian Blood Services, 2009). Number of Whole blood donors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A very straightforward KPI, which tracks the number of persons that donated whole blood à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the upstream suppliers. This KPI needs to be closely fo llowed, since a declining number of donors indicate a very real risk of blood and product shortages since the upstream supply is reducing. CBS historical data for this KPI indicates a varying trend in the past 3 years (Canadian Blood Services, 2009). Number of Units of whole blood collected vs Number of Whole blood donors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" This KPI presents the prolificacy of each donor during the year. The average waiting period between donations for a donor is 70 days. This means that at most, a single donor can make 5 donations per year. CBS has this KPI at a very constant 2.17 over the 3 year period (Canadian Blood Services, 2009). Number of blood containers defective per 10,000 units collected- Since the blood procurement process is extremely dependent on the correct and good quality containers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"bags. Therefore, a KPI is needed to identify the amount of defective containers, and properly manage the supplier relationship with the suppliers of these contai ners. CBS has seen the most defective bags are noted in 2008, with a declining trend in 2009. Analysis of Key Performance Indicators of Inventory Management As (Jennings, 1973) concludes, three of the most important measures in inventory management in any blood bank are shortage, outdating and cost. We will review the following KPIs in the CBS model: Number of component indate discards over components produced à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The discarded components from inventory within their shelf life are part of the total loss of stock. Recalls for any reasons, as well as defective containers cause indate discards. But indate discards from inventory reduces available inventory, and can impact the carefully planned balance of procurement, stock and distribution. CBS has a trend of reduction of indate discards in stock, which is consistent with the increasing percentage of delivery of products to collected blood units. Number of outdated components to total components in inventory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Since blood products are extremely perishable, there is no opportunity to keep a stock of blood products for any long period of time unless the y are cryofrozen (out of scope of this paper). The outdated components are the stock of products that have not been used before their shelf life has passed. This KPI is crucial in tracking the expiry of products (and conversely money) due to poor planning. CBS is reducing the outdated products and bringing it to 2.5% at an annual level. Cost per blood product unit shipped à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Since everything is about cost reduction or customer support, this ratio is crucial for cost management. Every step in the blood banking process is very expensive, and the tracking of this KPI is important for top management, as well as the logistics manager. As can be seen in the diagram, this KPI for CBS is showing increasing costs (Canadian Blood Services, 2009; British Columbia Ministry of Health Services, 2002) Percent of Order fill rate, by blood product type à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" This KPI directly tracks the downstream supply chain service quality. The percent of order fill rate is in e ssence the achieved service level for each type of product. total blood requests, by type of blood product (red blood cells, platelets etc.). CBS sees a reduction of the service level for order fulfillment in the 3 year period (Canadian Blood Services, 2009). Proposed Changes for Improving Performance After reviewing the KPIs of the two processes of interest, certain trends are identified that need to be analyzed and remedial action be taken. Each of these KPIs will require a logistic effort. Procurement The procurement process of Blood Banking supply chain was observed through 5 KPIs and it was identified that 3 are indicating positive trend. The other 2 KPIs are indicating negative trends that need to be treat: Increasing units of whole blood collected per donor, which indicates reduced motivation of the supply sources. The positive donor motivation should be returned only through positive reinforcement. (Prastacos, 1984; Oswalt, 1977). In logistics terms this would mean more equipment, human resources, marketing material and constant communication with donor relationship teams to provide necessary resources. Number of blood containers defective is widely varying. Most organisations monitor their suppliers to make sure that they continue to give satisfactory service. This is called supplier rating or vendor rating (Waters, 2003) Multiple suppliers and very frequent tracking of this KPI (weekly level) (Keal and Hebert, 2010) so proper remedial action can be taken . FIFO/LIFO Inventory Management The inventory management process of Blood Banking supply chain was observed through 4 KPIs. While 2 KPIs indicate good trends and successful operation, the other 2 indicate serious issues that need to be remedied. The main actions that need to be taken from the investigated KPIs are: Increasing order fill rate. The following diagram presents the overall service level of CBS for order fill rate. It can be concluded that the overall service level (product of service levels of the three products) is steadily declining. The safety stock needs to be increased on all three products to include (Ballou, 2004; Waters, 2003) Trans-Shipment for grouped Stock Centers (Jennings, 1973) and re-use of returned indate products (Katsaliaki and Brailsford, 2007) Vendor Managed Inventory for hospitals (Hemmelmayr et al., 2009) Controlling cost per blood product unit. There is a consistent trend of increasing cost of blood product unit. The cost breakdown in Appendix C shows that the maj or cost elements are the blood collections and distribution, consisting of 50% of all costs (excluding administration). Since the best positions for cost reduction are at the point of contact between supply chain partners (Waters, 2003), these exact points should be investigated for cost reduction. Conclusion Blood Banking is operating the supply of a key component of life à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" blood and bood products. It is considered a crucial service for any country, and is even treated as a big business in some countries. The logistical issues of blood banking are many on every level, since blood banking must achieve very fast delivery of products, and any stock-outs may mean loss of human life. This is further Through adoption of KPI tracking throughout the processes of blood banking, a blood service like Canadian Blood Services (CBS) can achieve a very quick reaction time to adverse indications of deficiencies in the process. The procurement process has logistical issues that need to be followed by the logistician in the area of donor treatment, which is an activity that will be performed in coordination with Marketing. A more pressing issue is the management and tracking of quality of blood containers and their suppliers, since a faulty series of containers will cause produ ct recalls, stock-outs and financial losses. The inventory management process as a first priority must focus on achieving an much better overall service level of order fill rate than the current one. The service level needs to be increased by a higher safety stock, but since only increasing the safety stock is costly, a trans-shipment of products between centers need to be performed. Also, this service level can be improved by agreeing on a Vendor Managed Inventory with the hospitals. The other issue is cost of blood product management, through optimizing the process which requires most logistics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" blood collections. An optimized process of blood collections which can reduce costs of that process by 10% will show significant improvement of the cost of blood product.

If I Die in a Combat Zone Free Essays

The novels If I Die in a Combat Zone and The Things They Carried were both written by Tim O’Brien. Tim O’Brien is a Vietnam War veteran and all of the novels he wrote are about his times in the war. He includes the same characters in the stories, but changed their names and descriptions. We will write a custom essay sample on If I Die in a Combat Zone or any similar topic only for you Order Now I do not believe that O’Brien wrote the books for any political reason. Both of the novels have very much in common including the style that it is written, and the stories that are told. There are also differences including the order of the stories, and the endings. These similarities and differences are important for the novels because it shows the diversity that different soldiers go through in times of war. The style that O’Brien writes in both novels is first person narrative. O’Brien tells the story in his point of view, and tells different stories. In If I Die in a Combat Zone the stories he tells his whole time in Vietnam. He starts with how he got drafted into the war and his training. He considered leaving the country to go live in Europe. At the last minute he almost left, but then decided to stay and go to Vietnam. He continues the story in chronological order of the times and significant events that had happened throughout his duty. In The Things They Carried, O’Brien told significant stories that were told out of chronological order. The stories told in The Things They Carried were also less biographical and focused more on the men in his platoon. He also jumps back and forth between the war and post war, where he talked to the surviving men from his platoon. He tells the stories of the war, and the stories that the men told him. This is one of the differences between the two books. The ways the stories are told are different. Even though both books are told in the perspective of O’Brien, when he is telling the stories in The Things They Carried, we are more sympathetic to the other characters because it mostly focuses on them. In both of the stories, O’Brien also uses the same terminology in the books. He uses what I describe as â€Å"war† terminology. He uses words and acronyms. For example he said that they were looking for Charlie. I’m not very educated on the Vietnam War so I looked up who Charlie was. Then I realized that Charlie is the Vietnamese army. There were other terms including the different guns and different mine types. Thankfully, O’Brien explained those terms. O’Brien is consistent with his terms and it makes it easier to read one book after reading the other because of this consistency. The endings of If I Die in a Combat Zone and The Things They Carried are different. In If I Die in a Combat Zone, the end is O’Brien going home from Vietnam. He says that there is no joy in leaving Vietnam. He says that he thought of the friends he gained and the friends he lost. He reminisced what he learned, and realized that he did not learn a lot. The ending of The Things They Carried is one last story that focused on O’Brien. It was the first time that he had seen a dead body in Vietnam. It then flashes back to his past where his girlfriend had died because of a brain tumor. That was the first time he had seen a dead body. The soldiers say that to keep a person alive is to always tell memories. But O’Brien didn’t do that, he just imagined that his girlfriend was still alive and waiting for him. Although collectively I did not like either of Tim O’Brien’s books, but I can say that they are well written. The reason I did not like the books was because of the graphics that were described. I understand that learning about the Vietnam War is important, and the horrific aspects are important to learn also, but I do not agree with describing in detail about bodies being blown to pieces. Both books have their similarities in being that they are about the Vietnam War, the style of the book, and the stories and their content. Although the differences were big, including the order of the stories, and the perspective of the stories, the books are close in content. I believe that these books can be read simultaneously with each other. How to cite If I Die in a Combat Zone, Papers

Definition Essay on Beauty Example For Students

Definition Essay on Beauty Needless to say, beauty is something that is perceived by every person differently. The views on this interesting philosophical issue may be viewed from different perspectives. Many books and films illustrate various aspects of beauty, establishing the so-called false standards in society. Every day, a person sees the beautiful images of women and men in pop magazines and other sources. However, these images are not actual examples of what the word beauty means. As it was already mentioned, different individuals may have their own standards of beauty and own opinions about what it means â€Å"to be beautiful.† In many colleges, students get the task to write a beauty definition essay. Professors usually want to check one’s deeper understanding of this abstract concept rather than the paraphrased definition from a dictionary. However, answering the question â€Å"What is beauty?† is not as simple as one may think. What does beauty mean? You may find a variety of examples on the internet exploring what beauty means. To develop a great beauty definition, you should concentrate on the true meaning of this concept and what it means for you and other individuals. Remember that expressing only your personal opinion you will create a biased essay that has nothing to do with defining the authentic meaning of beauty. To avoid this problem, research every aspect of the issue. Before you start writing your beauty definition paper, make sure that you know the basic requirements of a definition essay. You may think that the primary purpose of this essay is to provide a concrete definition of a particular word, notion, or concept. Unfortunately, it is not enough to explain what the word â€Å"beauty† means to get the highest mark. Even though beauty definition essay is relatively a short and not complicated task, it still may be a very challenging task. You should demonstrate not only personal definition of the term but include some relevant information about its history and applicability in society. You should also show your objective, academic understanding of the term. While it is easy to define such concrete words as a house, table, book, or tree, more abstract terms such as love, friendship, happiness, or beauty may create a lot of challenges. Remember that a definition essay is a great opportunity to demonstrate your critical thinking skills. Do not forget that your beauty definition essay should also have a clear structure as many other kinds of assignments. In the introduction, you may write briefly about what was considered to be beautiful during different historical epochs. Then, you should write that the times have changed and the standards of beauty have changed as well. Your thesis statement that you will put at the end of your introduction should be a kind of extended beauty definition and introduce the list of main points you will discuss in further paragraphs. The specificity of write the essay about beauty As far as body paragraphs are concerned, every paragraph should be concentrated on only one idea from the thesis statement. Hence, you may start telling the difference between the conceptions of â€Å"natural beauty† and â€Å"artificial beauty.† You may address the problem of how popular mass-media and different individual biases disrupt one’s true understanding of beauty. Talk about the need to get rid of the stereotypes to have a clear understanding of what beauty means. Another thing you may include in your beauty definition essay is exploring what can be defined as â€Å"beautiful† in different countries around the world. For sure, the standards of beauty may differ depending on ethnicity, race, religion, and other cultural factors. You may compare what the word â€Å"beauty† means in your society and other communities. For example, it is interesting to explore the beauty standards in Africa and explain how the perception of the beauty of Africans differs from other countries. .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 , .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .postImageUrl , .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 , .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164:hover , .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164:visited , .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164:active { border:0!important; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164:active , .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164 .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2dce7a16b6f5430324e49c26a6375164:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human rights violations EssayYou may also refer to Philosophy and use a philosophical approach to define the meaning of the word â€Å"beauty.†   According to Platos philosophy, beauty is something that cannot be completely defined by ones senses. The reason is that different individuals have their unique views on a particular concept and perceive objects in different ways. You might also include in your paper the importance of â€Å"inner beauty,† and why the inner qualities of a person are much important than his or her physical beauty. You may emphasize that beauty is not about ones physical appearance. Authentic beauty originates from within the heart o f individuals or comes from within. As far as the conclusion of your paper is concerned, summarize the most important points and once again provide a final extended definition of the concept of beauty.   One of the most effective ways to conclude your beauty definition essay is putting the final remark emphasizing the role the term plays in your life and society. Relate your personal experience to the definition you created for the analyzed word.